Solid-state imaging device

ABSTRACT

A solid-state imaging device includes a photoelectric converter including a plurality of light receiving elements arranged along one direction in correspondence with each color of received light, each light receiving element generating an electric charge corresponding to an amount of received light, an electric charge storage unit including a plurality of capacitors storing the electric charges generated by the respective light receiving elements, and a signal processing unit configured to process each of the electric charges stored by the plurality of capacitors as a signal. The electric charge storage unit is disposed so as to oppose the signal processing unit across the photoelectric converter.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 toJapanese Patent Application No. 2015-115987, filed Jun. 8, 2015. Thecontents of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to imaging devices, and in particular,relates to a solid-state imaging device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Solid-state imaging devices each including on-chip micro-lenses andcolor filters are used in various types of imaging devices such as videocameras, digital cameras, copiers, and the like.

Further, International Patent Publication No. WO/2011/155442 disclosesan amplification-type solid-state imaging device that includes a pixelarray in which a plurality of pixels each including a plurality ofcapacitors are arranged in a matrix formation and a controlling circuitthat controls operations of the pixels included in the pixel array.

In conventional examples, however, when electrode pads are providedabove and below a pixel region of a wafer, unevenness may occur in theapplication of color filter pigments and/or in the formation of themicro-lenses. Further, when the distance from the edge of a chip to eachof the pixels is too short, the pixels may be influenced by stress, andthe image characteristics may be degraded. Furthermore, when each of thepixels includes an analog memory and a second amplifying transistor(SF2), a problem arises where the resolution varies when the pixel sizeis changed because the distances between photo diodes (PDs) change.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of the present invention, a solid-state imagingdevice includes a photoelectric converter including a plurality of lightreceiving elements arranged along one direction in correspondence witheach color of received light, each light receiving element generating anelectric charge corresponding to an amount of received light, anelectric charge storage unit including a plurality of capacitors storingthe electric charges generated by the respective light receivingelements, and a signal processing unit configured to process each of theelectric charges stored by the plurality of capacitors as a signal. Theelectric charge storage unit is disposed so as to oppose the signalprocessing unit across the photoelectric converter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a first example state in which a solid-stateimaging device is formed on a wafer;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a second example state in which a solid-stateimaging device is formed on a wafer;

FIG. 3 is a drawing of an example of a cross-section of the solid-stateimaging device;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of asolid-state imaging device according to a first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a red (R)light reading unit included in the solid-state imaging device;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first example of a layout of thesolid-state imaging device;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second example of the layout of thesolid-state imaging device;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a third example of the layout of thesolid-state imaging device;

FIG. 9 is a timing chart indicating writing timing;

FIG. 10 is a timing chart indicating reading timing; and

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of asolid-state imaging device according to a second embodiment.

The accompanying drawings are intended to depict exemplary embodimentsof the present invention and should not be interpreted to limit thescope thereof. Identical or similar reference numerals designateidentical or similar components throughout the various drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the presentinvention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” areintended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearlyindicates otherwise. In describing preferred embodiments illustrated inthe drawings, specific terminology may be employed for the sake ofclarity. However, the disclosure of this patent specification is notintended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected, and itis to be understood that each specific element includes all technicalequivalents that have the same function, operate in a similar manner,and achieve a similar result. An embodiment of the present inventionwill be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

First, a background of the present invention will be explained. FIG. 1is a schematic diagram of a first example state in which a solid-stateimaging device (a Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor [CMOS] linearimage sensor) 10 is formed on a wafer 1. The solid-state imaging device10 is a chip including a plurality of pixels 11, signal processingblocks 12, peripheral circuits 13, and electrode pads 14.

The plurality of pixels 11 are arranged along one direction and are eachconfigured to perform a photoelectric conversion to generate an electriccharge according to the amount of received light. Each of the signalprocessing blocks 12 performs a process such as a Correlative DoubleSampling (CDS) process, for example, by using the electric chargesgenerated by the pixels 11 as image signals. Each of the peripheralcircuits 13 includes a circuit that, for example, outputs the signalsprocessed by a corresponding one of the signal processing blocks 12.Each of the electrode pads 14 is a region including, for example, apower source terminal and a terminal that outputs the image signals fromcorresponding ones of the peripheral circuits 13 to the outside.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the solid-state imaging device 10 has alongitudinal shape along one direction. When the electrode pads 14 areprovided so as to be positioned adjacent to the pixels 11 arranged inrows, the pixels 11 may be influenced (e. g., the unevenness in theformation and the stress) as described above by the electrode pads 14provided in the chip.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second example state in which asolid-state imaging device (a CMOS linear image sensor) 10 a is formedon a wafer 1 a. The solid-state imaging device 10 a is a chip in whichthe plurality of pixels 11, the signal processing blocks 12, theperipheral circuits 13, and the electrode pads 14 are provided with apositional arrangement different from that of the solid-state imagingdevice 10. Hereinafter, some of the constituent elements that aresubstantially the same will be referred to by using the same referencecharacters.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, in the solid-state imaging device 10 a, thepixels 11 may be influenced (e. g., the unevenness in the formation andthe stress) as described above by the electrode pad 14 provided in theother chip positioned adjacent to the pixels 11 arranged in a row.

Next, the abovementioned influence on the pixels will be explainedfurther in detail. FIG. 3 is a drawing of an example of a cross-sectionof the solid-state imaging device 10. The solid-state imaging device 10is configured so that an insulating film 104, a passivation film 106, aflattening film 108, a color filter 110, and a micro-lens 112 arelaminated over a pixel region 102 formed in a semiconductor substrate100. Further, a top wiring layer 114 is provided so as to be positionedadjacent to the pixel region 102. The top wiring layer 114 is theelectrode pad 14.

After a pad opening is formed, a resin material or the like is appliedto the solid-state imaging device 10 through a spin coating process, inorder to form the color filter 110 and the micro-lens 112 which is of anon-chip type. In that situation, because the solid-state imaging device10 has steps formed at the pad opening, unevenness occurs originatingfrom the steps. The closer an uneven section is positioned to the padopening, the higher the degree of unevenness is. In other words, whenthe distance between the color filter 110 and the micro-lens 112 and thepad opening is short, non-uniformity (the unevenness in the formation)occurs in the color filter 110 and the micro-lens 112. As a result,because the transmissivity and the conversion gain vary among thepixels, the image characteristics are influenced thereby.

Further, the solid-state imaging device 10 is easily influenced in thechip edge thereof by thermal stress caused by the difference in linearexpansion coefficients among Si, the adhesive agent, and the tab duringa die bonding process and by stress related to cure shrinkage of theresin during a molding process, and image characteristics are influencedthereby (e.g., Δidsat=5% per stress of 100 Mpa).

Further, when the solid-state imaging device 10 is configured so thatthe pixels include an analog memory or a second amplifying transistor(SF2), because an increase in the pixel size leads to an increase in thedistance between photo diodes (PDs), the resolution becomes degraded. Inother words, there is no freedom in choosing the size of the circuit.

First Embodiment

Next, a configuration of a solid-state imaging device according to afirst embodiment will be explained, with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of asolid-state imaging device 2 according to the first embodiment.

The solid-state imaging device 2 may be, for example, a CMOS colorlinear sensor and may be installed in an image reading device or aMultifunction Peripheral (MFP) including an image reading device. Thesolid-state imaging device 2 includes a red (R) light reading unit 20_(RE), another red (R) light reading unit 20 _(RO), a green (G) lightreading unit 20 _(GE), another green (G) light reading unit 20 _(GO), ablue (B) light reading unit 20 _(BE), and another blue (B) light readingunit 20 _(BO). The R light reading unit 20 _(RE) includes a pixel 30 asdescribed below with reference to FIG. 5 and is provided with a colorfilter that transmits red-colored light and an on-chip micro-lens. The Rlight reading unit 20 _(RO) has the same configuration as that of the Rlight reading unit 20 _(RE).

Further, the G light reading unit 20 _(GE), the G light reading unit 20_(GO), the B light reading unit 20 _(BE), and the B light reading unit20 _(BO) each also have the same configuration as that of the R lightreading unit 20 _(RE), except that the color filter therein thatdetermines the color of the light received thereby is different.Further, the R light reading unit 20 _(RE), the R light reading unit 20_(RO), the G light reading unit 20 _(GE), the G light reading unit 20_(GO), the B light reading unit 20 _(BE), and the B light reading unit20 _(BO) include six pixels and structure one column that sequentiallyoutputs the signals therefrom through a single system.

Although FIG. 4 illustrates the part structuring the one column, thesolid-state imaging device 2 is configured in such a manner that aplurality of columns are arranged along one direction so that, forexample, 7,000 or more pixels 30 are arranged along one direction foreach of the colors of the received light. Further, the quantity ofpixels 30 included in each of the columns in the solid-state imagingdevice 2 is not limited to six and may be any number. Further, thesolid-state imaging device 2 may include a controlling unit thatcontrols the constituent elements thereof.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of the Rlight reading unit 20 _(RE) included in the solid-state imaging device2. The R light reading unit 20 _(RE) includes the pixel 30 and an analogmemory unit 40 and is configured to receive R light and to perform aphotoelectric conversion.

The pixel 30 has formed therein a light receiving element (a photo diode[PD]) 300, a reset transistor (RT) 302, a transfer transistor (TX) 304,a first amplifying transistor (SF1: a first amplifier) 306, a floatingdiffusion region (FD region) 308. A reset (drain) voltage (Vrd) 310 isapplied to the reset transistor 302.

As for the light receiving element 300, the anode thereof is connectedto a ground voltage, whereas the cathode thereof is connected to thetransfer transistor 304, so as to generate an electric chargecorresponding to the amount of received light. Further, the color of thelight received by each of the light receiving elements 300 is determinedby a color filter provided on the upper layer side thereof. A micro-lensis provided over each of the color filters. The other end of thetransfer transistor 304 is connected to the reset transistor 302 and thefirst amplifying transistor 306, so that the electric charge generatedby the light receiving element 300 is transferred to the FD region 308.

The FD region 308 is a region in which the transfer transistor 304, thefirst amplifying transistor 306, and the reset transistor 302 areconnected together and functions as a charge-voltage converter thatconverts an electric charge into a voltage. The reset transistor 302 isconfigured to reset the electric charge in the FD region 308. The firstamplifying transistor 306 is a MOS transistor and functions as a sourcefollower that amplifies the voltage at the FD region 308 and outputs theamplified voltage to the subsequent stage. Further, when the size of thefirst amplifying transistor 306 is too large, the capacitance imposed onthe FD region 308 becomes large, which lowers the charge-voltageconversion gain (because V=Q/C). Thus, the first amplifying transistor306 is arranged to be smaller in size than the second amplifyingtransistor 26 (explained later).

The analog memory unit 40 includes a selecting switch (SL) 400, a memorycapacitor (Cr) 402, a memory capacitor (Cs) 404, a selecting switch(RDR) 406, a selecting switch (RDS) 408, and a selecting switch (SW)410. A potential (a memory reference voltage 412: Vm) that is differentfrom the ground voltage of other circuits is applied to one end of thememory capacitor 402 and one end of the memory capacitor 404.

The memory capacitor 402 may be, for example, a MOS capacitor and isconfigured to store therein an electric charge when the pixel 30 isreset. The memory capacitor 404 may be, for example, a MOS capacitor andis configured to store therein an electric charge indicating a pixelsignal read by the pixel 30. Further, as for the memory capacitor 402and the memory capacitor 404, because the voltage applied to theselecting switch side is at a level closer to the power source voltageside than the ground-side voltage, it is desirable to configure thememory capacitor 402 and the memory capacitor 404 each with an nch-typeMOS transistor (MOS capacitor).

Further, as for the memory capacitor 402 and the memory capacitor 404,because the potential difference between the two ends of the MOScapacitor may not necessarily be large enough to maintain the oxide filmcapacitance, it is desirable to configure the memory capacitor 402 andthe memory capacitor 404 each with a depression-type MOS capacitor.Further, as for the memory capacitor 402 and the memory capacitor 404,the memory reference voltage 412 at the one end may be common to theground voltages in other circuits; however, when the memory referencevoltage 412 fluctuates, the fluctuation may directly be reflected in theoutput depending on the timing. Consequently, the memory capacitor 402and the memory capacitor 402 are configured so that the memory referencevoltage 412 and the ground voltages for the other circuits are separate.

The selecting switch 400, the selecting switch 406, the selecting switch408, and the selecting switch 410 operate when the electric charge isstored in either the memory capacitor 402 or the memory capacitor 404 orwhen either the memory capacitor 402 or the memory capacitor 404transfers the stored electric charge (the voltage). More specifically,via the selecting switch 400, the first amplifying transistor 306 isconnected to the selecting switches 406 and 408 for selecting one of thememory capacitor 402 and the memory capacitor 404 and to the selectingswitch 410 for selecting one of the pixels 30. The memory capacitor 402and the memory capacitor 404 structure an electric charge storage unitthat stores therein an electric charge, so that when the CDS isperformed as described above, a voltage (a signal) is read therefrom.

Further, the solid-state imaging device 2 (FIG. 4) includes a firstcurrent source 22, a second current source 24, a second amplifyingtransistor (a second amplifier) 26, a column signal processing unit 28,and an electrode pad 29. The first current source 22 serves as aconstant current source for the first amplifying transistors 306 of thepixels 30 in the column. The second current source 24 serves as aconstant current source for the second amplifying transistor 26 providedin correspondence with the column. The currents flowing through thefirst current source 22 and the second current source 24 are arranged tobe variable.

The second amplifying transistor 26 may be, for example, an nch-type MOStransistor. The second amplifying transistor 26 is configured to amplifythe signal (the voltage) output by any of the pixels 30 in the columnand outputs the amplified signal to the column signal processing unit28. Because the second amplifying transistor 26, even when being largein size, does not influence the conversion gain as much as the firstamplifying transistor 306 does, the second amplifying transistor 26 isarranged to be larger in size than the first amplifying transistor 306in order to improve noise characteristics (flicker noise, thermal noise,random telegraph signal [RTS] noise, and the like). In consideration ofthe back-gate effect, it is desirable to connect the back gate of thesecond amplifying transistor 26 to a source. Alternatively, the secondamplifying transistor 26 may be a pch-type MOS transistor.

The column signal processing unit 28 is configured to perform apredetermined processing process on the signal output by any of thepixels 30 in the column. For example, the column signal processing unit28 is a signal processing unit that performs a process such as a CDSprocess on the signal output by any of the pixels 30 in the column.Further, the column signal processing unit 28 may include anAnalog/Digital (A/D) converter or the like. The electrode pad 29corresponds to the electrode pad 14 described above and has a powersource terminal, an output terminal, and the like provided thereon.

The selecting switches described above (e.g., the selecting switch 410),the first amplifying transistor 306, and the second amplifyingtransistor 26 are each configured with a MOS transistor. Further,although having been described as each being configured with a singletransistor, the selecting switches and the like may each be configuredwith a CMOS-SW employing a nch-type Tr and a pch-type Tr, depending onthe ON-resistance or the charge injection of the transistors. Further,the selecting switches and the like each may be configured with apch-type Tr, depending on the potential. For example, when the resetvoltage Vrd is high, because the potential of the selecting switch 400is also high, the ON-resistance becomes lower when the switch is of thepch-type than when the switch is of the nch-type.

Next, an exemplary layout on the chip of the solid-state imaging device2 will be explained. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first example ofthe layout on the chip of the solid-state imaging device 2. In FIG. 6,(R), (G), and (B) each indicate that a color filter transmitting lightin the colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) is provided,respectively.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, in the solid-state imaging device 2, forexample, the region where the analog memory units 40 each correspondingto a pixel 30 are formed is positioned adjacent (on the upper side inFIG. 6) to the region where the pixels 30 arranged in correspondencewith the colors are formed. In this situation, the region where thepixels 30 are formed serves as a photoelectric converter including theplurality of light receiving elements 300 that are arranged along onedirection in correspondence with the colors of the received light andthat each generate an electric charge corresponding to the amount ofreceived light. Further, the region where the analog memory units 40 areformed serves as an electric charge storage unit including the memorycapacitors 402 and the memory capacitors 404 configured to store thereinthe electric charges generated by the plurality of light receivingelements 300. In this situation, the second current source 24 may alsobe provided in the region where the first current source 22 is provided.

A decoder circuit 50 is configured to decode the signal output from anyof the pixels 30 in the two columns, for example. A signal transfer andpower source GND region 52 has provided therein wirings for transferringsignals and grounding the power source. The electrode pad region 290 isa region where the electrode pads 29 corresponding to the two columns,for example, are provided. In FIG. 6, the one decoder circuit 50, theone signal transfer and power source GND region 52, and the oneelectrode pad region 290 are provided for the two columns; however,possible embodiments are not limited to this example.

The distance between each of the pixels 30 and the analog memory unit 40corresponding to the pixel 30 is arranged to be substantially the samethroughout the solid-state imaging device 2. Because the solid-stateimaging device 2 is configured in such a manner that, even if the colorsof the received light are different from one another, the distancebetween each of the pixels 30 and the corresponding analog memory unit40 is arranged to be substantially the same, the wiring resistances aresubstantially the same, and it is therefore possible to prevent imagecharacteristics from being influenced by differences in the settlingperiod of time or the like. Further, the analog memory units 40 areconnected to both the first current sources 22 and the second amplifyingtransistors 26. Accordingly, in the first example of the layout on thechip of the solid-state imaging device 2, the region where the firstcurrent sources 22 are provided, the region where the analog memoryunits 40 are provided, and the region where the second amplifyingtransistors 26 are provided are arranged in the stated order.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second example of the layout on thechip of the solid-state imaging device 2. The second example of thelayout on the chip of the solid-state imaging device 2 is obtained byadding a plurality of dummy pixels 60 to the first example illustratedin FIG. 6. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the dummy pixels 60 are pixels thatare not connected to the analog memory units 40 and are positioned so asto sandwich the region where the pixels 30 are provided. In other words,some of the plurality of dummy pixels 60 are arranged between the regionwhere the second amplifying transistors 26 are provided and the regionwhere the pixels 30 are provided. Further, some other dummy pixels 60are provided between the region where the pixels 30 are provided and theregion where the column signal processing units 28 are provided.

Each of the dummy pixels 60 may be configured to include only a PD (aswell as a color filter and a micro-lens); however, it is desirable toconfigure each of the dummy pixels 60 to include all the dummy elementssuch as the first amplifying transistor 306, for the purpose of reducingimpacts of disturbance (crosstalk) and improving the finished state ofthe elements.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a third example of the layout on thechip of the solid-state imaging device 2. The third example of thelayout on the chip of the solid-state imaging device 2 is obtained bychanging the positions of the second amplifying transistors 26 in thefirst example illustrated in FIG. 6. More specifically, in the thirdexample of the layout on the chip of the solid-state imaging device 2,the distances from any of the analog memory units 40 to the secondamplifying transistor 26 are arranged to be as equal as possible(substantially equal), in each of the columns. Further, the dummy pixels60 may also be provided.

Next, an operation of the solid-state imaging device 2 will beexplained. FIG. 9 is a timing chart indicating writing timing to theanalog memory unit 40 in the solid-state imaging device 2. Asillustrated in FIG. 9, in the solid-state imaging device 2, the resettransistor (RT) 302 connected to the reset voltage Vrd is turned on at atime t1 so that the FD region 308 is initialized. After that, in thesolid-state imaging device 2, writing to the memory capacitor 402 on areset level is started via the first amplifying transistor 306, theselecting switch 400, and the selecting switch 406.

In the solid-state imaging device 2, after the reset transistor 302 isturned off at a time t2, the writing to the memory capacitor 402 isended at a time t3. In other words, in the solid-state imaging device 2,the reset level is stored into the memory capacitor 402.

In the solid-state imaging device 2, as a result of the transfertransistor 304 being turned on at a time t4, the electric chargegenerated by the light receiving element 300 by receiving light istransferred to the first amplifying transistor 306. After that, in thesolid-state imaging device 2, the selecting switch 408 is turned on sothat writing to the memory capacitor 404 is performed. In thissituation, the writing is performed by converting the electric chargegenerated by the light receiving element 300 as a result of receivingthe light, into a voltage by the FD region 308. Consequently, the dataheld in the memory capacitor 404 is a signal level indicating the readimage. Further, in the solid-state imaging device 2, the writing to theanalog memory unit 40 is ended at a time t6, so that the storing of thesignal level into the memory capacitor 404 is completed.

FIG. 10 is a timing chart indicating reading timing from the analogmemory unit 40 in the solid-state imaging device 2. In the presentexample, FIG. 10 illustrates an operation of the solid-state imagingdevice 2 including six pixels 30 and six analog memory units 40 in onecolumn. The solid-state imaging device 2 is configured so that data issequentially read from the R light reading unit 20 _(RE), the R lightreading unit 20 _(RO), the G light reading unit 20 _(GE), the G lightreading unit 20 _(GO), the B light reading unit 20 _(BE), and the Blight reading unit 20 _(BO) (RE, RO, GE, GO, BE, and BO). In thefollowing sections, an operation of the R light reading unit 20 _(RE)will be explained as an example.

In the solid-state imaging device 2, the selecting switch 410 to selectone from among RE, RO, GE, GO, BE, and BO is turned on at a time t1.After that, in the solid-state imaging device 2, the signal level storedin the memory capacitor 404 of the R light reading unit 20 _(RE) is readat a time t2 and is output to the column signal processing unit 28 onthe subsequent stage via the second amplifying transistor 26. In thesolid-state imaging device 2, the reading from the memory capacitor 404performed by the R light reading unit 20 _(RE) is ended at a time t3.

Subsequently, in the solid-state imaging device 2, the electric charge(the reset level) stored in the memory capacitor 402 is read at a timet4 and is output to the column signal processing unit 28 on thesubsequent stage via the second amplifying transistor 26. In thesolid-state imaging device 2, the reading is ended at a time t5.

The column signal processing unit 28 performs the process (CDS) ofcalculating a substantial signal level by calculating the differencebetween the signal level and the reset level. When the offset levelsvary among the pixels, if there is variance among the first amplifyingtransistors 306, for example, the image exhibits a vertical stripe(fixed pattern noise). By performing the CDS process, the solid-stateimaging device 2 cancels the offset level of each of the pixels 30.Further, kTC noise that occurs when the reset transistor 302 is turnedon is correlated with the reset level and the signal level. For thisreason, it is also acceptable to configure the solid-state imagingdevice 2 so as to cancel the occurrences of the noise by performing theCDS process.

In this situation, the column signal processing unit 28 performs thefollowing process, for example: The column signal processing unit 28holds a signal level V_(s) by having the signal level V_(s) clamped to acertain reference voltage V_(ref). The column signal processing unit 28converts the held signal level V_(s) into a digital signal by employingan A/D converter. Subsequently, the column signal processing unit 28accepts a reset level V_(r). After that, the column signal processingunit 28 multiplies the difference between the signal level V_(s) and thereset level V_(r) by the gain (by A) and outputs a result of subtractingthe multiplication result from the clamp level V_(ref). In other words,the result from V_(ref)−(V_(r)−V_(s))×A is output and converted into adigital signal. The column signal processing unit 28 extracts thedifference between the reset level V_(r) and the signal level V_(s) byconverting the V_(ref) level and the V_(ref)−(V_(r)−V_(s))×A level eachinto a digital signal and calculating the difference therebetween.

As explained above, the solid-state imaging device 2 is configured sothat the memory capacitor 404 and the like occupying a relatively largearea are positioned so as to oppose the column signal processing units28 across the pixels 30. It is therefore possible to prevent theoccurrence of unevenness in the application of the color filter pigmentsand unevenness in the formation of the micro-lenses. Further, in thesolid-state imaging device 2, because the distance from the chip edge toeach of the pixels 30 is arranged to be long, the stress is less likelyto be applied thereto. Further, the solid-state imaging device 2 isconfigured so that the region where the pixels 30 are provided and theregion where the analog memory units 40 are provided are separated fromeach other, the degree of freedom in designing the circuit sizes of theanalog memory units 40, the column signal processing units 28, and thelike is enhanced. In addition, the number of signal lines extendingacross the pixels 30 is reduced, because each of the second amplifyingtransistors 26 is configured so as to amplify the outputs of a pluralityof pixels 30.

Second Embodiment

Next, a configuration of a solid-state imaging device according to asecond embodiment will be explained, with reference to FIG. 11. FIG. 11is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a solid-stateimaging device 2 a according to the second embodiment. The solid-stateimaging device 2 a is obtained by removing the first current source 22from the solid-state imaging device 2 illustrated in FIG. 4. Because thesolid-state imaging device 2 a is not provided with the first currentsource 22, the direct current caused to flow by the first current source22 is reduced. In other words, the solid-state imaging device 2 a isconfigured to perform a subthreshold writing process.

According to at least one aspect of the present invention, anadvantageous effect is achieved where it is possible to provide asolid-state imaging device capable of preventing the image readingcharacteristics from being degraded.

The above-described embodiments are illustrative and do not limit thepresent invention. Thus, numerous additional modifications andvariations are possible in light of the above teachings. For example, atleast one element of different illustrative and exemplary embodimentsherein may be combined with each other or substituted for each otherwithin the scope of this disclosure and appended claims. Further,features of components of the embodiments, such as the number, theposition, and the shape are not limited to the embodiments and thus maybe preferably set. It is therefore to be understood that within thescope of the appended claims, the disclosure of the present inventionmay be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

Each of the functions of the described embodiments may be implemented byone or more processing circuits or circuitry. Processing circuitryincludes a programmed processor, as a processor includes circuitry. Aprocessing circuit also includes devices such as an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) and conventional circuit componentsarranged to perform the recited functions.

What is claimed is:
 1. A solid-state imaging device comprising: aphotoelectric converter including a pair of first light-receivingelements for a first color, a pair of second light-receiving elementsfor a second color, and a pair of third light-receiving elements for athird color, the pair of first light-receiving elements being arrangedalong a first direction, the pair of second light-receiving elementsbeing arranged along a second direction, the pair of thirdlight-receiving elements being arranged along a third direction, thefirst, second and third directions being parallel to each other, andeach light-receiving element generating electric charge corresponding toan amount of received light; an electric charge storage unit includingpairs of capacitors corresponding, on a one-to-one basis, to respectivepairs of the light-receiving elements included in the photoelectricconverter, and for each pair of the capacitors and each respective pairof the light-receiving elements, each capacitor storing the electriccharge generated by a corresponding light-receiving element, the pairsof the capacitors being arranged in a direction perpendicular to each ofthe first, second and third directions; and signal processing circuitryconfigured to process each of the electric charges stored by the pairsof the capacitors as a signal, wherein the electric charge storage unitis disposed so as to oppose the signal processing circuitry across thephotoelectric converter, the photoelectric converter is disposed betweenthe electric charge storage unit and the signal processing circuitry,and the electric charge storage unit and the signal processing unit areelectrically connected to each other by wiring passing between the twolight-receiving elements of each pair of the light-receiving elements.2. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, furthercomprising: a plurality of first amplifiers amplifying voltages from aplurality of charge-voltage converters, respectively, the charge-voltageconverters being configured to convert the electric charges generated byrespective light-receiving elements into the voltages; and a pluralityof second amplifiers amplifying a voltage for a plurality of columns,respectively, each column being configured to sequentially output asignal through a single system from predetermined light-receivingelements from among the pairs of the light-receiving elements, whereineach amplifier of the plurality of first amplifiers and the plurality ofsecond amplifiers is configured by using a metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS) transistor.
 3. The solid-state imaging device according to claim2, wherein each amplifier of the plurality of second amplifiers islarger in size than each amplifier of the plurality of first amplifiers.4. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 2, wherein eachamplifier of the plurality of first amplifiers is configured by using asingle MOS transistor.
 5. The solid-state imaging device according toclaim 2, further comprising a switch configured to be turned on to storethe electric charge, generated by a light-receiving element, in acorresponding capacitor, wherein the switch passes a current flowingwhen a first amplifier of the plurality of first amplifiers amplifies avoltage.
 6. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 2, whereina second amplifier of the plurality of second amplifiers is disposed ineach column so that respective distances between the disposed secondamplifiers and corresponding capacitors are substantially equal.
 7. Thesolid-state imaging device according to claim 2, further comprising acurrent source configured to supply current to the plurality of firstamplifiers, wherein the photoelectric converter and the electric chargestorage unit are disposed between the current source and the signalprocessing circuitry.
 8. The solid-state imaging device according toclaim 1, wherein each capacitor is a MOS capacitor.
 9. The solid-stateimaging device according to claim 8, wherein each capacitor is of adepression type.
 10. The solid-state imaging device according to claim1, wherein each of the first, second, and third colors is determined bya color filter provided on an upper layer side of a correspondinglight-receiving element, and a micro-lens is provided over the colorfilter.
 11. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1, whereina potential that is different from a ground voltage of any other circuitincluded in the solid-state imaging device is applied to one end of eachcapacitor.
 12. The solid-state imaging device according to claim 1,further comprising plural dummy light-receiving elements, wherein thepairs of the light-receiving elements are disposed between at least twoof the plural dummy light receiving elements.
 13. The solid-stateimaging device according to claim 1, wherein the solid-state imagingdevice is configured with the pairs of capacitors of the electric chargestorage unit opposing the signal processing circuitry across thephotoelectric converter.
 14. The solid-state imaging device according toclaim 1, wherein the signal processing circuitry is disposed between thephotoelectric converter and one or more electrode pads.
 15. Thesolid-state imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising anamplifier configured to amplify a signal which (a) is output by acapacitor, among the pairs of the capacitors in the electric chargestorage unit, and (b) corresponds to the electric charge stored by thecapacitor, among the pairs of the capacitors in the electric chargestorage unit, the amplifier being coupled to the signal processingcircuitry via the wiring passing between the two light-receivingelements of each pair of the light-receiving elements.
 16. A solid-stateimaging device comprising: a photoelectric converter including a pair offirst light-receiving elements for a first color, a pair of secondlight-receiving elements for a second color, and a pair of thirdlight-receiving elements for a third color, the pair of firstlight-receiving elements being arranged along a first direction, thepair of second light-receiving elements being arranged along a seconddirection, the pair of third light-receiving elements being arrangedalong a third direction, the first, second and third directions beingparallel to each other, and each light-receiving element generatingelectric charge corresponding to an amount of received light; anelectric charge storage unit including pairs of capacitorscorresponding, on a one-to-one basis, to respective pairs of thelight-receiving elements included in the photoelectric converter, andfor each pair of the capacitors and each respective pair of thelight-receiving elements, each capacitor storing the electric chargegenerated by a corresponding light-receiving element, the pairs of thecapacitors being arranged in a direction perpendicular to each of thefirst, second and third directions; and signal processing circuitryconfigured to process each of the electric charges stored by the pairsof the capacitors as a signal, wherein the photoelectric converter isdisposed between the electric charge storage unit and the signalprocessing circuitry, the signal processing circuitry is disposedbetween the photoelectric converter and one or more electrode pads, andthe electric charge storage unit and the signal processing circuitry areelectrically connected to each other by wiring passing between the twolight-receiving elements of each pair of the light-receiving elements.17. A solid-state imaging device comprising: a photoelectric converterincluding pairs of light-receiving elements, each pair oflight-receiving elements generating electric charge corresponding to anamount of received light for a corresponding color of received light;pairs of electric charge storage units connected to respective pairs ofthe light-receiving elements, on a one-to-one basis, and for each pairof the electric charge storage units and each respective pair of thelight-receiving elements, each electric charge storage unit beingconfigured to store the electric charge generated by a correspondinglight-receiving element, each of the electric charge storage unitshaving a capacitor; and signal processing circuitry configured toprocess each of the electric charges stored by the pairs of the electriccharge storage units as a signal, the electric charge storage units aredisposed so as to oppose the signal processing circuitry across thephotoelectric converter, and the electric charge storage units and thesignal processing circuitry are electrically connected to each other bywiring passing between the two light-receiving elements of each pair ofthe light-receiving elements.
 18. The solid-state imaging deviceaccording to claim 17, wherein the photoelectric converter includes, foreach color of received light, a pair of the light-receiving elementsarranged along one direction, the one direction being different from adirection in which the pairs of the electric charge storage units arearranged.